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28 reviewsb s t r a c tKeywords:Teamwork is indispensable in human societies. However, due to the complexity of studying ecologically validMultiparticipant hyperscanningsynchronous team actions, requiring multiple members and a range of subjective and objective measures, theTeamworkmechanism underlying the impact of synchrony on team performance is still unclear. In this paper, we simultaGraph theoryneously measured groups of nine-participants’ (total N = 180) fronto-temporal activations during a drum beatingfNIRStask using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning and multi-brain network modeling,Organizational neurosciencewhich can assess patterns of shared neural synchrony and attention/information sharing across entire teams. Participants (1) beat randomly without considering others’ drumming (random condition), (2) actively coordinatedtheir beats with the entire group without other external cue (team-focus condition), and (3) beat together basedon a metronome (shared-focus condition). Behavioral data revealed higher subjective and objective measures ofdrum-beat synchronization in the team-focus condition, as well as higher felt interdependence. The fNIRS datarevealed that participants in the team-focus condition also showed higher interpersonal neural synchronization(INS) and higher Global Network Efficiency in their left TPJ and mPFC. Higher left TPJ Global Network Efficiency also predicted higher actual synchrony in the team-focus condition, with an effect size roughly 1.5 timesthat of subjective measures, but not in the metronome-enabled shared-focus condition. This result suggests thatshared mental representations with high efficiency of information exchange across the entire team may be a keycomponent of synchrony, adding to the understanding of the actual relation to team work.