Advances in Agronomy 97 1st Edition by Donald L Sparks ISBN 9780123864734 by Donald L. Sparks (eds.) 9780123743527, 0123743524 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 13: 9780123864734
Author: Donald L Sparks

Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial.

* Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture

* Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues

* Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field

Advances in Agronomy 97 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Quantifying Processes of Pedogenesis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Models of Soil Formation-Factors, Processes, Pathways, Energy
2.1 Factors
2.2 Processes
2.3 Pathways
2.4 Energy
2.5 Summary
3 Soil Weathering and Production
3.1 Production of soil from parent materials
3.2 Chemical weathering of bedrock to soil
3.3 Summary
4 Soil Mixing: Vertical and Lateral Movements
4.1 Bioturbation
4.1.1 Faunaturbation
4.1.2 Floraturbation
4.2 Soil creep
4.3 Rainsplash
4.4 Modeling pedoturbation
4.5 Summary
5 Models of Soil Formation Based on the Concept of Mass Balance
5.1 Landscape evolution models
5.2 Modeling soil formation in the landscape
5.3 Summary
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References
Chapter 2: Irrigation Waters as a Source of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Produce: A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Concentrations of Microbial Pathogens and Indicator Organisms in Irrigation Waters
2.1 Regional and local differences
2.2 Temporal and spatial variability
3 Implications of Irrigation Water in Spread of Foodborne Diseases
3.1 Epidemiological investigations of food poisoning outbreaks implicating irrigated produce
3.2 Presence of pathogens in produce irrigated with contaminated water
3.2.1 Pathogen pathways into plants
3.2.2 Adherence to plants
3.2.3 Effect of the concentration
3.3 Increased incidence of disease in areas practicing irrigation with high concentrations of pathog
4 Standards, Guidelines, and Risk Assessment
4.1 Current standards for microbial quality of irrigation water
4.2 Role of microbiological water quality standards
4.3 Quantitative microbial risk assessment
5 Fate and Transport of Pathogenic and Indicator Microorganisms in Irrigation Systems
5.1 Survival of pathogen and indicator organisms in waters suitable for irrigation
5.2 Importance of environmental microbial reservoirs for irrigation water quality
5.2.1 Bottom sediments
5.2.2 Resuspension and settling
5.2.3 Bank soils
5.2.4 Aquatic biota
5.2.5 Biofilms in pipe-based irrigation water delivery systems
6 Management and Control of Produce Contamination with Pathogens from Irrigation Waters
7 Research and Development Needs
References
Chapter 8: Quo vadis Soil Organic Matter Research?: A Biological Link to the Chemistry of Humificati
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Criticism on Soil HS Research
3 Extraction of Soil Organic Matter
3.1 Extraction with dilute base
3.2 Other extractants
4 Analysis of SOM
4.1 In situ analysis of OM in whole soils
4.2 Analysis of OM in whole soils by 13C NMR
5 Analysis by Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry
5.1 Analysis of OM in soil extracts and whole soil by Py-FIMS
5.2 Py-FIMS analysis of HA
5.3 Py-FIMS analysis of FA
5.4 Py-FIMS analysis of humin
5.5 Py-FIMS analysis of whole soil
5.6 Summary of compound classes identified
6 Chemical Structure
6.1 The chemical structure of SOM
7 Chemical Characteristics of Humic Substances
7.1 Analytical characteristics of HAs and FAs
7.2 Infrared and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry
7.3 Oxidative degradation of HAs, FAs, and humins
7.4 Reductive degradation
8 Spectrometric and Spectroscopic Characteristics of HS
8.1 13C NMR spectrometry of humic substances
8.2 Effect hot acid hydrolysis on the 13C NMR spectrum of HA
8.3 Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of HAs
8.4 X-ray analysis of FA
8.4.1 Radial distribution analysis
8.4.2 Proposed structures for FA on the basis of X-ray experiments
8.5 A 2D structure for HA
8.6 A 3D structure for HA
8.7 Relationships between HA and SOM
8.8 The corrected 2D HA model
8.9 A 3D model structure for SOM plus water
9 Effect of Time on the SOM Structure
9.1 Effect of long-term cultivation on the SOM structure
10 New Concepts on the Chemical and Microbial Synthesis of HAs and SOM
11 Microbial Humification of Small Organic Compounds into Soil Polyketides
11.1 A complex biological link to the chemistry of humification
11.2 Polyketides in nature
11.3 Some chemical and functional features of polyketides
11.4 Chemical analysis of polyketides in soils
11.5 Biosynthesis of polyketides
11.6 Ecological function and associated genetic evolution of polyketides
11.7 Plant polyketides
11.8 Microbial polyketides
11.9 Polyketides in soils
11.10 A microbial-PKSs model for studying biotic humification in soils
12 Thermodynamic, Energy, and Kinetic Considerations
13 Polyketides and the Central Structure of HS and SOM
13.1 Polyketides as a passive SOM pool
13.2 Biotic humification process forming the CUS of HS and SOM
14 Future Research
References
Chapter 9: Zeolites and Their Potential Uses in Agriculture
Abstract
1 Origin and History of Zeolites
2 Classification of Zeolites
3 Structure and Nomenclature of Zeolites
4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Zeolites
5 Major Natural Zeolites of Agricultural Importance
6 Zeolite Nutrient Interactions
6.1 Soil urease adsorption
6.2 Nitrate leaching
6.3 Ammonium trapping
6.4 Rock phosphate dissolution
7 Agricultural Applications
7.1 Improving soil physico-chemical and microbial properties
7.2 Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency
7.3 Improving phosphorus use efficiency
7.4 Enhanced organic manure efficiency
7.5 Improving herbicide use efficiency
7.6 Improving water use efficiency
7.7 Improving crop yields
7.8 Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils
7.9 Waste water treatment
8 Researchable Issues
9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Proximal Soil Sensing
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Proximal soil sensing
1.2 The sampling dilema: where to measure using proximal soil sensors?
2 Proximal Soil Sensing Techniques
2.1 gamma-Rays
2.1.1 gamma-Ray spectrometers
2.1.2 Neutron scattering methods
2.2 X-rays
2.2.1 X-ray fluorescence
2.2.2 X-ray diffractometry
2.3 Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared reflectance spectroscopy
2.4 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
2.5 Microwaves
2.6 Radio waves
2.6.1 Time and frequency domain reflectometry and capacitance
2.6.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance
2.6.3 Ground-penetrating radar
2.6.4 Electromagnetic induction
2.7 Magnetic, gravimetric, and seismic sensors
2.7.1 Magnetics
2.7.2 Gravity
2.7.3 Seismology
2.8 Contact electrodes
2.8.1 Electrical resistivity
2.8.2 Induced polarization
2.9 Electrochemical sensors
2.9.1 Ion-selective electrodes
2.9.2 Ion-sensitive field effect transistors
2.9.3 Metal electrodes
2.10 Mechanical sensors
2.10.1 Integrated draft
2.10.2 Mechanical resistance
2.10.3 Fluid permeability
2.10.4 Acoustic sensors
2.11 Telemetry-wireless sensing
2.12 Geographic positioning and elevation
2.13 Multisensor systems
2.14 Core scanning and down-borehole technologies
3 Proximal Sensors Used to Measure Soil Properties
3.1 Soil water and related properties
3.2 Nutrients and elements
3.3 Cation exchange capacity
3.4 Carbon
3.5 pH
3.6 Clay, silt, and sand
3.7 Soil mineralogy
3.8 Soil strength, bulk density, and related properties
4 Summary
5 General Discussion and Future Aspects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11: The Role of Knowledge When Studying Innovation and the Associated Wicked Sustainability
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Current Problems in Dutch Agriculture
3 The Flow of Knowledge When Studying Sustainable Development
4 Case Studies
4.1 Case 1: Northern Frisian Woods (NFW): Cradle-to-Cradle dairy farming: Cradle-to-Cradle dairy far
4.1.1 Problem and objectives
4.1.2 The players
4.1.3 Track record of the storyline
4.1.4 Flow of knowledge
4.1.5 Lessons for knowledge management
4.2 Case 2: The New Mixed Farm: An example of industrial ecology
4.2.1 Problem and objectives
4.2.2 The players
4.2.3 Track record of the storyline
4.2.4 Flow of knowledge
4.2.5 Lessons for knowledge management
4.3 Green Care: Health care on the farm
4.3.1 Problem and objectives
4.3.2 The players
4.3.3 Track record of the storyline (Fig.4)
4.3.4 Flow of knowledge
4.3.5 Lessons for knowledge management
4.4 Case 4: Developing the new ``Rondeel´´ chicken housing system
4.4.1 Problem and objectives
4.4.2 The players
4.4.3 Track record of the storyline
4.4.4 Flow of knowledge
4.4.5 Lessons for knowledge management
5 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Crops Yield Increase Under Water-Limited Conditions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Crop Water Use and Yield: A Framework for Trait Identification
2.1 Transpiration coefficient k
2.2 Harvest index
2.3 Vapor pressure deficit
3 Traits Influencing Water Conservation
3.1 Limited TR and slow-wilting
3.2 Timing of stomatal closure in the soil drying cycle
3.3 Slow leaf area development
3.4 Other possible water conservation traits
4 Traits Influencing Water Access
4.1 Increased rooting depth
4.2 Increased rooting rate
4.3 Decreased root hydraulic conductance
4.4 Other rooting traits
5 Traits for Special Sensitivities: Nitrogen Fixation Tolerance to Drought
6 Concluding Remarks

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