Biomass Conversion And Sustainable Biorefinery Towards Circular Bioeconomy Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis by Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Seng Hua Lee, Efri Mardawati, Souvia Rahimah, Petar Antov, Robi Andoyo, ˇluboš Krišt’ák, Bambang Nurhadi instant download after payment.

Abstract
It has become a global concern for reducing the utilization of fossil sources
for energy and chemical purposes. Not only environmental issues such as green-
houses gases increment but also depleting fossil reserves, which became the reason
to quest for new and renewable raw materials. Lignocellulosic biomass that is abun-
dantly available is being studied as a potential material to provide both fuels and
biochemicals. However, to fractionate and disintegrate its main components: cellu-
lose; hemicellulose and lignin is a very challenging step. Different pretreatment
approaches that considering energy consumption, cost effectiveness, percentage of
lignin removal, further utilization of the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and environ-
mentally friendly process have been applied. The review covers the recent pretreat-
ment technology that applied physicochemical approach; chemicals pretreatment
and application of Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES); biological pretreatment; and high
energy of radiation. This study explained a deeper understanding of the pretreat-
ment technologies for developing biorefinery concepts to support the sustainable
development of utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.