This monumental seven-volume encyclopedia, prepared by the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, describes the universe of camps and ghettos―more than 20,000 in all―that the Nazis and their allies operated, from Norway to North Africa and from France to Russia. Here, volume three offers a comprehensive account of camps and ghettos in, or run by, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and Vichy France (including North Africa). Each entry discusses key events in the history of the ghetto; living and working conditions; activities of the Jewish Councils; Jewish responses to persecution demographic changes; and details of the ghetto's liquidation. Personal testimonies help convey the character of each ghetto, while source citations provide a guide to additional information. Documentation of hundreds of smaller sites―previously unknown or overlooked in the historiography of the Holocaust―make this an indispensable reference work on the destroyed Jewish communities of Eastern Europe.