Hormones of the Limbic System 1st Edition by Gerald Litwack ISBN 9780123815323 by Gerald Litwack (eds.) 9780123815156, 0123815150 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 13: 9780123815323
Author: Gerald Litwack

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms.

Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.

This volume focuses on hormones of the limbic system.

*Longest running series published by Academic Press
*Contributions by leading international authorities

Hormones of the Limbic System 1stTable of contents:

Chapter 1: Models of Depression
I. Introduction
II. General Considerations in Modeling Depression
III. Stress and Models of Depression
IV. Models
A. Learned helplessness
B. Forced swim test
C. Tail suspension test
D. Hyponeophagia paradigms
E. Chronic unpredictable mild stress
F. Hedonic sensitivity
G. Early-life stress
H. Social defeat
V. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 2: Astrocytes in the Amygdala
I. The Amygdala
II. Glia
III. Amygdala Glia and Disease
A. Epileptic states
B. Depression
C. Proteinopathies
D. Other pathologies
IV. Amygdala Glia and Hormones
A. Gonadal hormones and amygdala glia during developmental
B. Gonadal hormones and amygdala glia during adulthood
C. Other agents and amygdala glia
V. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Limbic Effects of High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus
I. Introduction
A. Stereotaxy and HFS
B. Limbic effects of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus
C. Anatomy
II. Discussion
III. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synaptic Transmission and Its Modulation
I. Introduction
A. Physiological characteristics of mossy fiber synapse
B. Modulation of mossy fiber synaptic transmission
C. Hormone and mossy fiber synapse
D. Effects of stress and experience on mossy fiber synapse
II. Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Xenobiotics in the Limbic System-Affecting Brain's Network Function
I. Introduction
II. Xenobiotic Uptake and the Limbic System
A. Sources of xenobiotic uptake
B. Side effects in the limbic system
III. The Main Players
A. Cytochrome P450
B. Steroid hormones and their receptors
IV. Molecular Circuits in the Limbic System
A. Induction of P450 → steroid hormone metabolism → androgen receptor regulation
V. Downstream Effects from the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Limbic System
A. Epilepsy and tumors: reaction on xenobiotic treatment
B. Androgen receptor ‘‘fire ring’’ at the blood–brain barrier
C. Disintegrated brain network function?
VI. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6: Brain Plasticity after Ischemic Episode
I. Mechanisms of Brain Ischemic Injury
II. Mechanisms of Adult Brain Plasticity
III. Postischemic Brain Plasticity
References
Chapter 7: Hypothalamic Inflammation and Obesity
I. Introduction
II. Hypothalamic Control of Feeding and Energy Expenditure
III. Nutrient-Induced Dysfunction of the Hypothalamus
IV. Hypothalamic Resistance to Anorexygenic Signals
V. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: The Role of Functional Postsynaptic NMDA Receptors in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala
I. Introduction
II. Opioids and Dependence
III. Glutamate Systems and Opioid Dependence
IV. The Central Nucleus and Dependence
V. The Synaptic Relationship Between NMDA and μ-Opioid Receptors in the CeA
VI. Deletion of Postsynaptic NR1 in Central Amygdala Neurons Attenuates Opioid Withdrawal-Induced Pl
VII. Does the CeA Selectively Participate in the Conditioned Aversive Properties of Opioid Withdrawa
VIII. Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Hippocampal Kainate Receptors
I. Introduction
II. Structure of Kainate Receptors
A. Molecular structure of KAR subunits
B. Composition of native KARs
III. Anatomical Localization of KARs in the Hippocampal Formation
A. GluR5
B. GluR6
C. GluR7
D. KA1
E. KA2
IV. Electrophysiological Functions of KARs in Hippocampal Synapses
A. Presynaptic actions of KARs in MFT transmission and synaptic plasticity
V. KARs in Disease
A. KAR-mediated models of epilepsy
B. Hippocampal neurotoxicity
C. Kainate receptors in mental disorders
VI. Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Behavioral Processes: Implications for the Treatment of
I. Introduction
II. Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Neurotrophins
A. BDNF
B. Other neurotrophins
III. Neurotrophins Mediate Aggressive and Defensive Behavior
IV. Involvement of Neurotrophins in Anxiety-Like Behavior
V. Role of Neurotrophins in Rewarding and Addictive Behavior
VI. Neurotrophins Facilitate Adaptation to Stress
VII. Neurotrophins: A Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Brain Disorders?
References
Chapter 11: Postnatal Development of Hypothalamic Leptin Receptors
I. Introduction
II. The Leptin System
A. Sources and regulation of leptin
B. Leptin receptors
C. Central regulation of energy balance by leptin
III. Developmental Roles of Leptin
A. Leptin and brain development
B. Postnatal leptin surge
C. Leptin insensitivity in the early postnatal period
D. Neurotrophic actions of leptin
E. Developmental changes in leptin receptor
IV. Developmental Programming: Role of Altered Neonatal Leptin Signaling
V. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Regulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity by Estrogen and Progesterone
I. Introduction
II. Estrogen and Hippocampus
III. Estrogen, NMDA, and AMPA Receptor Regulation
IV. Estrogen and Hippocampal LTP
V. Estrogen and Hippocampal LTD
VI. Progesterone and Hippocampus
VII. Progesterone and Progesterone Receptors
VIII. Progesterone and Hippocampal LTP and LTD
IX. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: Hormones and Sexual Reward
I. Introduction
II. Reward
III. Conditioned Place Preference
IV. Hormones and CPP
A. Oxytocin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin
B. Melatonin and substance P
C. Corticosteroids
D. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
E. Estradiol and progesterone
F. Testosterone
V. Reward and Sexual Behavior
A. Males
B. Females
VI. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14: Sex Steroids and Acetylcholine Release in the Hippocampus
I. Role of Acetylcholine in the Hippocampus
II. ACh Release in the Hippocampus Is Sex-Specific
III. Neural Control of Septohippocampal Cholinergic Neurons
IV. Circulating Sex Steroids Activate ACh Release
V. Activational Effect Is Sex-Specific
VI. Sexual Differentiation Fates the Sex-Specific Activational Effect
VII. Interaction with Environmental Conditions
VIII. Interaction with Spontaneous Behaviors
IX. Activational Effects and Alzheimer's Disease
X. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15: Estradiol and GABAergic Transmission in the Hippocampus
I. Introduction
II. Estradiol and GABAAR Function
III. Estradiol and GABAergic Transmission During Development
A. In vitro studies
B. In vivo studies
IV. Estradiol and GABAergic Transmission in Mature Animals
V. Mechanisms of Estradiol Action
A. ERs
B. NKCC1
C. GABAARs subunit expression
D. GAD
E. Synapse reorganization
F. Receptor clusterization
VI. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16: Transcriptional Regulation of Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Gene
I. Introduction
II. Regulatory Elements on Hypothalamic CRF Gene
A. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)
B. Inducible cAMP-early repressor (ICER)
C. Estrogen
D. Glucocorticoid receptor
E. Activator protein 1 (fos and Jun)
F. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3
III. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 17: Estrogen in the Limbic System
I. Estrogen Synthesis and Actions
II. Estrogen Receptors
III. Anatomy of the Limbic System
IV. Distribution of Estrogen Receptors in the Limbic System
V. Estrogen and ERbeta Expression
VI. Affective Disorders and Gender
VII. Estrogen in Hippocampus and Amygdala
VIII. Cyclic Estrogen Administration and Stress
IX. Estrogen, Stress, and Neuroplasticity
X. Recovery After Chronic Stress; Effect of Estrogen and Antidepressants
XI. Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Arginine Vasopressin in Depression: Focus on the Hum
I. Introduction
A. Neuroendocrine cells in the human hypothalamus
B. From stress response to depression
II. The HPA-Axis as the Final Common Pathway in Depression
A. CRH in depression
B. Sex difference in depression: Relationship with HPA-axis activity
III. The AVP Hypothesis of Depression
A. Different vasopressin systems
B. Chronic stress and depression
C. AVP in the SON and PVN in depression
D. AVP in the circadian system in depression
IV. Depression in Alzheimer's Disease
V. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19: Postnatal Ontogeny of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Hippocampus
I. Introduction
II. Postnatal Development of the HPA Axis and the Stress-Hyporesponsive Period
III. Postnatal Expression of Corticosteroid Receptors in the Rat Hippocampus
A. Ontogeny of the glucocorticoid receptor
B. Ontogeny of the mineralocorticoid receptor
IV. Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Expression of the GR in the Hippocampus During Postnatal Develo
References
Chapter 20: Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptors in Hippocampus: Their Impact on Neurons S
I. Introduction
II. Corticosteroid Receptors Properties
III. MR and GR Under Development of the Hippocampus
IV. Detrimental Effects of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation
A. GR expression after hypoxia/ischemia
B. The impact of GR on anoxia-induced excitotoxicity
C. Apoptosis as a mechanism of GR-mediated cell death in the hippocampus
V. Neuroprotective Role of MR Overexpression in Damaged Hippocampus
A. Injury-induced MR expression
B. The mechanisms of mineralocorticoid action
C. The effect of different neuronal stresses on transcriptional regulation of the MR gene
D. Detrimental effect of MR activation on blood flow and perfusion after cerebral ischemia
VI. The Effect of Temperature on Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Changes in MR and GR Expression
VII. The Long-Term Consequences of Alterations in MR and GR Receptors After Neonatal Brain Injury
A. The influence of injury-induced MR/GR unbalance on the extent of HPA activation
B. Behavioral effects involving MR and GR levels disturbance in hippocampus
VIII. Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Glucocorticoids and Lithium in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Differential Steps of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
III. Stress and Glucocorticoids Actions on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
IV. Lithium Action on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
V. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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Tags: Gerald Litwack, Hormones, Limbic