Nano And Micro Diamond Formation In Nature Ultrafine Carbon Particles On Earth And Space Sergei Simakov by Sergei Simakov, Vittorio Scribano, Nikolai Melnik, Victor Pechnikov, Irina Drozdova, Vladimir Vyalov, Mikhail Novikov 9783031432774, 9783031432781, 3031432770, 3031432789 instant download after payment.

Carbon is a many-sided chemical element, as it forms millions of compounds related to both biochemical and geochemical processes. Moreover, elemental carbon occurs in various polymorphs (or allotropes), such as graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, lonsdaleite, and fullerenes. The physical properties of the different carbon poly-morphs vary widely due to the different ways in which the atoms in each are bonded. Diamond is the most compact, Sp3-bonded, polymorph of carbon, having nearly twice the density of graphite. The study of diamond has seen a recent burst of activity in geochemistry and astrophysics, in novel methods of synthesis, and in the develop-ment of useful applications. Diamond is recognized as an extraordinary recorder of astrophysical and geodynamic events that extend from the most remote regions of space to Earth’s deep interior. As will be specified later, different types of diamonds have been recognized based on their size, geological occurrence, morphological char-acteristics, types of solid or fluid inclusions, etc. The processes of formation of some diamond types still raise many contentious questions. The formation of macroscopic diamonds is mainly connected with deep-seated igneous rocks, such as kimberlites and lamproites, and therein mantle xenoliths. To date, in mineralogy, there is no widely accepted definition of a size boundary between kimberlitic microdiamond and macrodiamond.