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86 reviewsShort selling is the practice of selling borrowed stock at a high price and then buying back the stock at a lower price. A short seller expects to profit from the fall in a stock's price. The more common investment practice is to “go long”, that is, to buy stock with the expectation of the price rising in the future. Simply, a short transaction sells high and buys low, while a long transaction buys low and sells high.
A basic example is as follows. An investor believes that Company A stock is overpriced at $60 per share. The investor then borrows 100 shares and sells them for $6000. The price of Company A's shares then fall to $20. The investor buys 100 shares at $20 for $2000. The investor then returns the shares that have been borrowed and makes a $4000 profit. Though it has been employed as a trade practice for centuries, short selling has consistently received negative attention.
When the world's first established stock market, the Amsterdam Exchange, crashed in 1610 the Dutch East India Company blamed short sellers. Soon after the practice was banned, though later prohibitions were lifted and regulations and taxes were imposed instead. During the 18th century the British Government banned naked short selling. Napoleon branded short selling as treasonous due to it impeding on his ability to finance war.
During the 19th century, railroad stocks in the United States were subject to a great deal of speculation. Shorts were a frequently used technique by the so-called “Robber Barons” of the time. From this period in American economics and on, there are been a number of figures made famous and infamous through short selling. Short sellers are often viewed with disdain for their ability to make a profit from the losses of others. It is a common way of profiting during a bear market.
A bear market is one that is experiencing a lengthy down turn and market pessimism, such as during a recession. The opposite is known as a
