Singlecell Spatial Transcriptomics Of Tertiary Lymphoid Organlike Structures In Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Zhichao Lai1 by Zhichao Lai1, 11, Deqiang Kong1, 11, Qingsong Li  2, 11, Yue Wang  101038/S44161025006399 instant download after payment.

Tertiary lymphoid organs have been identifed in the arterial adventitia in both mouse models of atherosclerosis and patients with atherosclerosis, yet their role in the disease remains insufciently explored. Here we present a spatially resolved single-cell transcriptome atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques, identifying 14 distinct cell types and providing evidence of plaque tertiary lymphoid organs (PTLOs). The development of PTLOs was associated with the expression of lymphangiogenic chemokine genes and the adhesion molecule gene in fbroblast-like smooth muscle cells. PTLOs harbor abundant B cells with expanded and diversifed B cell receptors, suggesting substantial immune involvement. We also observed that B cells may be exchanged between PTLOs and perivascular adipose tissues. The presence of PTLO-like structures correlates with cerebrovascular events, which may be mediated by PTLO-derived IgG antibodies enhancing macrophage functional activity. Our fndings suggest the existence and characteristics of PTLOs in human atherosclerosis, elucidating their cellular functions and clinical implications and ofering avenues for understanding, diagnosing and treating this condition.