Spin Physics in Semiconductors 2nd Edition by Mikhail I Dyakonov ISBN 3319654357 9783319654355 by Dyakonov M. (ed.) 9783540788195, 3540788190 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 10: 3319654357 
ISBN 13: 9783319654355
Author: Mikhail I Dyakonov

This book offers an extensive introduction to the extremely rich and intriguing field of spin-related phenomena in semiconductors. In this second edition, all chapters have been updated to include the latest experimental and theoretical research. Furthermore, it covers the entire field: bulk semiconductors, two-dimensional semiconductor structures, quantum dots, optical and electric effects, spin-related effects, electron-nuclei spin interactions, Spin Hall effect, spin torques, etc. Thanks to its self-contained style, the book is ideally suited for graduate students and researchers new to the field.

Spin Physics in Semiconductors 2nd Table of contents:

1 Basics of Semiconductor and Spin Physics
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Spin Interactions
1.2.1 The Pauli Principle
1.2.2 Exchange Interaction
1.2.3 Spin-Orbit Interaction
1.2.4 Hyperfine Interaction with Nuclear Spins
1.2.5 Magnetic Interaction
1.3 Basics of Semiconductor Physics
1.3.1 Electron Energy Spectrum in a Crystal
1.3.2 Effective Masses of Electrons and Holes
1.3.3 The Effective Mass Approximation
1.3.4 Role of Impurities
1.3.5 Excitons
1.3.6 The Structure of the Valence Band. Light and Heavy Holes
1.3.7 Band Structure of GaAs
1.3.8 Photo-Generation of Carriers and Luminescence
1.3.9 Angular Momentum Conservation in Optical Transitions
1.3.10 Low Dimensional Semiconductor Structures
1.4 Overview of Spin Physics in Semiconductors
1.4.1 Spin Splittings of Energy Bands in Three and Two Dimensions
1.4.2 Optical Spin Orientation and Detection
1.4.3 Spin Relaxation
1.4.4 Hanle Effect
1.4.5 Interconnections Between Spin and Charge
1.4.6 Interaction Between the Electron and Nuclear Spin Systems
1.5 Overview of the Book Content
References
2 Spin Dynamics of Free Carriers in Quantum Wells
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Optical Measurements of Spin Dynamics
2.3 Mechanisms of Spin Relaxation of Free Electrons
2.4 Electron Spin Relaxation in Bulk Semiconductors
2.5 Electron Spin Relaxation in [001]-Oriented Quantum Wells
2.5.1 Symmetrical [001]-Oriented Quantum Wells
2.5.2 Structural Inversion Asymmetry in [001]-Oriented Quantum Wells
2.5.3 Natural Interface Asymmetry in Quantum Wells
2.5.4 Oscillatory Spin-Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
2.6 Spin Dynamics of Free Holes in Bulk Material and Quantum Wells
2.7 Engineering and Controlling the Spin Dynamics in Quantum Wells
2.8 Conclusions
References
3 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
3.1 Two-Dimensional Exciton Fine Structure
3.1.1 Short-Range Electron-Hole Exchange
3.1.2 Long-Range Electron-Hole Exchange
3.2 Optical Orientation of Exciton Spin in Quantum Wells
3.3 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Quantum Wells
3.3.1 Exciton Formation in Quantum Wells
3.3.2 Exciton-Bound Hole Spin Relaxation
3.3.3 Exciton-Bound Electron Spin Relaxation
3.3.4 Exciton Spin Relaxation Mechanism
3.4 Exciton Exchange Energy and g-Factor in Quantum Wells
3.4.1 Exchange Interaction of Excitons and g-Factor Measured with cw Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
3.4.2 Exciton Spin Quantum Beats Spectroscopy
3.5 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Type II Quantum Wells
3.6 Spin Dynamics in Dense Excitonic Systems
References
4 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Dots
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electron-Hole Complexes in Quantum Dots
4.2.1 Coulomb Corrections to the Single Particle Picture
4.2.2 Fine Structure of Neutral Excitons
4.3 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Neutral Quantum Dots Without Applied Magnetic Fields
4.3.1 Exciton Spin Dynamics Under Resonant Excitation
4.3.2 Exciton Spin Quantum Beats: The Role of Anisotropic Exchange
4.4 Exciton Spin Dynamics in Neutral Quantum Dots in External Magnetic Fields
4.4.1 Zeeman Effect Versus Anisotropic Exchange Splittings in Single Dot Spectroscopy
4.4.2 Exciton Spin Quantum Beats in Applied Magnetic Fields
4.5 Charged Exciton Complexes: Spin Dynamics Without Applied Magnetic Fields
4.5.1 Formation of Trions: Doped and Charge Tuneable Structures
4.5.2 Fine Structure and Polarization of X+ and X- Excitons
4.5.3 Spin Dynamics in Negatively Charged Exciton Complexes Xn-
4.5.4 Spin Memory of Trapped Electrons
4.6 Charged Exciton Complexes: Spin Dynamics in Applied Magnetic Fields
4.6.1 Electron Spin Polarization in Positively Charged Excitons in Longitudinal Magnetic Fields
4.6.2 Electron Spin Coherence in Positively Charged Excitons in Transverse Magnetic Fields
4.7 Conclusions
References
5 Time-Resolved Spin Dynamics and Spin Noise Spectroscopy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Time- and Polarization-Resolved Photoluminescence
5.2.1 Experimental Technique
5.2.2 Example I: Spin Relaxation in (110) Oriented Quantum Wells
5.2.3 Example II: Coherently Coupled Electron and Hole Spins
5.2.4 Photoluminescence and Spin-Optoelectronic Devices
5.3 Time-Resolved Faraday/Kerr Rotation
5.3.1 Experimental Setup
5.3.2 Example: Spin Amplification
5.4 Spin Noise Spectroscopy
5.4.1 Experimental Realization
5.4.2 Example: Spin Noise Measurements in n-GaAs
5.4.3 Example: Spin Noise of Single Holes in Quantum Dots
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Coherent Spin Dynamics of Carriers
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Spin Coherence in Quantum Wells
6.2.1 Electron Spin Coherence
6.2.2 Hole Spin Coherence
6.2.3 Exploiting Carrier Spin Coherence
6.3 Spin Coherence in Singly Charged Quantum Dots
6.3.1 Exciton and Electron Spin Beats Probed by Faraday Rotation
6.3.2 Generation of Electron Spin Coherence
6.3.3 Mode Locking of Spin Coherence in an Ensemble of Quantum Dots
6.3.4 Nuclei Induced Frequency Focusing of Spin Coherence
6.3.5 Manipulation of Spin Coherence
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Spin Properties of Confined Electrons in Si
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Spin-Orbit Effects in Si Quantum Wells
7.2.1 The Rashba--Sheka Field
7.3 Spin Relaxation of Conduction Electrons in Si/SiGe Quantum wells
7.3.1 Mechanisms of Spin Relaxation of Conduction Electrons
7.3.2 Linewidth and the Longitudinal Relaxation Time of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Si/SiGe
7.3.3 Dephasing and Longitudinal Spin Relaxation
7.3.4 Comparison with Experiment
7.4 Current Induced Spin-Orbit Field
7.5 ESR Excited by an AC Current
7.5.1 Electric Dipole Versus Magnetic Dipole Spin Excitation
7.5.2 The ESR Signal Strength in Two-Dimensional Si/SiGe Structures- Experimental Results
7.5.3 Modeling the Current Induced Excitation and Detection of ESR
7.5.4 Power Absorption, Line Shape
7.6 Spin Relaxation Under Lateral Confinement
7.6.1 Shallow Donors
7.6.2 From the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas to Quantum Dots
7.6.3 Spin Relaxation and Dephasing in Si Quantum Dots
7.7 Some Results Obtained Since 2008
7.8 Conclusions
References
8 Spin Hall Effect
8.1 Background: Magnetotransport in Molecular Gases
8.2 Phenomenology (with Inversion Symmetry)
8.2.1 Preliminaries
8.2.2 Spin and Charge Current Coupling
8.2.3 Phenomenological Equations
8.2.4 Physical Consequences of Spin-Charge Coupling
8.2.5 Electrical Effects of Second Order in Spin-Orbit Interaction
8.3 Phenomenology (without Inversion Simmetry)
8.4 Microscopic Mechanisms
8.4.1 Spin Effects in Electron Scattering
8.4.2 The Side Jump Mechanism
8.4.3 Intrinsic Mechanism
8.4.4 Edge Spin Accumulation in the Ballistic and Quasi-Ballistic Regimes
8.5 Experiments
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Spin-Photogalvanics
9.1 Introduction. Phenomenological Description
9.2 Circular Photogalvanic Effect
9.2.1 Historical Background
9.2.2 Basic Experiments
9.2.3 Microscopic Model for Intersubband Transitions
9.2.4 Relation to k -Linear Terms
9.2.5 Circular PGE Due to Intersubband Transitions
9.2.6 Interband Optical Transitions
9.2.7 Spin-Sensitive Bleaching
9.3 Spin-Galvanic Effect
9.3.1 Microscopic Mechanisms
9.3.2 Spin-Galvanic Photocurrent Induced by the Hanle Effect
9.3.3 Spin-Galvanic Effect at Zero Magnetic Field
9.3.4 Determination of the SIA/BIA Spin Splitting Ratio
9.3.5 Coherent Trembling Motion of Spin-Polarized Electrons
9.4 Inverse Spin-Galvanic Effect
9.4.1 Spin-Flip Mediated Current-Induced Polarization
9.4.2 Precessional Mechanism
9.4.3 Current Induced Spin Faraday Rotation
9.4.4 Current Induced Polarization of Photoluminescence
9.5 Pure Spin Currents
9.5.1 Pure Spin Current Injected by a Linearly Polarized Beam
9.5.2 Pure Spin Currents Due to Spin-Dependent Scattering
9.5.3 Spin Versus Orbital Mechanisms of Photocurrents
9.6 Photocurrents of Dirac Fermions in Topological Insulators
9.7 Concluding Remarks
References
10 Spin Injection
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 History
10.2 Theoretical Models of Spin Injection and Spin Accumulation
10.2.1 Heuristic Introduction
10.2.2 Microscopic Transport Model
10.2.3 Thermodynamic Theory of Spin Transport
10.2.4 Hanle Effect
10.3 Spin Injection Experiments, Metals
10.4 Spin Injection in Semiconductors
10.4.1 Experimental Observation of the Datta Das Conductance Oscillation
References
11 Spin-Orbit Torques and Spin Dynamics
11.1 Historical Overview of Spin-Torque Physics
11.2 Magnetization Dynamics
11.3 Spin-Orbit and Spin-Transfer Torques in Magnetic Heterostructures
11.3.1 Spin-Orbit Coupling
11.3.2 Current Induced Spin Accumulations
11.3.3 Spin Torques
11.4 Experimental Techniques
11.4.1 Spin Transfer Torque -- Ferromagnetic Resonance
11.4.2 Second Harmonic Hall Effect
11.4.3 Magneto-Optic Detection
11.5 Materials for Spin-Orbit Torques
11.5.1 Nonmagnetic Metals
11.5.2 Magnetically Ordered Metals
11.5.3 Interfacial Spin-Orbit Torques
11.6 Applied Outlook
11.7 Conclusion
References
12 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Nuclear Fields
12.1 Electron--Nuclear Spin System of the Semiconductor. Characteristic Values of Effective Fields a
12.1.1 Zeeman Splitting of Spin Levels
12.1.2 Quadrupole Interaction
12.1.3 Hyperfine Interaction
12.1.4 Nuclear Dipole--Dipole Interaction
12.2 Electron Spin Relaxation by Nuclei: From Short to Long Correlation Time
12.3 Dynamic Polarization of Nuclear Spins
12.3.1 Electron Spin Splitting in the Overhauser Field
12.3.2 Detection of the Overhauser Field by Off-Resonant Faraday Rotation
12.3.3 Nuclear Spin Temperature
12.3.4 Stationary States of the Electron--Nuclear Spin System in Faraday Geometry
12.3.5 Dynamic Polarization by Localized Electrons
12.3.6 Polarization of Nuclei by Excitons in Neutral Quantum Dots
12.3.7 Current-Induced Dynamic Polarization in Tunnel-Coupled Quantum Dots
12.3.8 Self-polarization of Nuclear spins
12.4 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Oblique Magnetic Field
12.4.1 Larmor Electron Spin Precession
12.4.2 Polarization of Electron--Nuclear Spin-System In an Oblique Magnetic Field
12.4.3 Bistability of the Electron--Nuclear Spin System Due to the Anisotropy of the Electron g-Fact
12.4.4 Non-perturbing Measurements of Nuclear Field by Spin Noise Spectroscopy
12.5 Optically Detected and Optically Induced Nuclear Magnetic resonances
12.5.1 Optically Detected Nuclear Magnetic resonance
12.5.2 Multi-spin and Multi-quantum NMR
12.5.3 NMR in Zero External Field: The Nuclear Warm-Up Spectroscopy
12.5.4 Optically Induced NMR
12.6 Spin Conservation in the Electron--Nuclear Spin System of a Quantum Dot
References
13 Electron-Nuclear Spin Interactions in the Quantum Hall Regime
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 The Quantum Hall Effects in a Nutshell
13.1.2 Electron Spin Phenomena in Quantum Hall Effects
13.1.3 Nuclear Spins in GaAs-based 2D Electron Systems
13.2 Experimental Techniques
13.3 Electronic and Nuclear Spin Phenomena in the Quantum Hall Regime
13.3.1 The Role of Disorder
13.3.2 Edge Channel Scattering
13.3.3 Skyrmions
13.3.4 Electron-Nuclear Spin Interactions at ν=2/3
13.3.5 NMR Probing of Density-Modulated Phases
13.3.6 Composite fermion Fermi sea at ν=1/2
13.3.7 Other Cases
13.4 Summary and Outlook
References
14 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: Basic Physics and Optical Properties
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Band Structure of II--VI and III--V DMS
14.3 Exchange Interactions in DMS
14.3.1 s,p-d Exchange Interaction
14.3.2 d-d Exchange Interactions
14.4 Magnetic Properties
14.4.1 Undoped DMS
14.4.2 Carrier-Induced Ferromagnetism
14.5 Basic Optical Properties
14.5.1 Giant Zeeman Effect
14.5.2 Optically Detected Ferromagnetism in II--VI DMS
14.5.3 Quantum Dots
14.5.4 Spin-Light Emitting Diodes
14.5.5 III--V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
14.6 Spin Dynamics
14.6.1 Electron Spin Relaxation Induced by s-d Exchange
14.6.2 Mn Spin Relaxation
14.6.3 Collective Spin Excitations in CdMnTe Quantum Wells
14.7 Advanced Time-Resolved Optical Experiments
14.7.1 Carrier Spin Dynamics
14.7.2 Magnetization Dynamics

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