Streetlights and Shadows Searching for the Keys to Adaptive Decision Making 1st Edition by Gary A Klein ISBN 0262516721 9780262516723 by Gary Klein 9780262013390, 0262013398 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 10: 0262516721 
ISBN 13: 9780262516723
Author: Gary A Klein

An expert explains how the conventional wisdom about decision making can get us into trouble—and why experience can’t be replaced by rules, procedures, or analytical methods

In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we should follow certain guidelines—gather as much information as possible, compare the options, pin down the goals before getting started. But in practice we make some of our best decisions by adapting to circumstances rather than blindly following procedures.

In Streetlights and Shadows, Gary Klein debunks the conventional wisdom about how to make decisions. He takes ten commonly accepted claims about decision making and shows that they are better suited for the laboratory than for life. The standard advice works well when everything is clear, but the tough decisions involve shadowy conditions of complexity and ambiguity. Gathering masses of information, for example, works if the information is accurate and complete—but that doesn't often happen in the real world. (Think about the careful risk calculations that led to the downfall of the Wall Street investment houses.)

Klein offers more realistic ideas about how to make decisions in real-life settings. He provides many examples—ranging from airline pilots and weather forecasters to sports announcers and Captain Jack Aubrey in Patrick O’Brian’s Master and Commander novels—to make his point. All these decision makers saw things that others didn’t. They used their expertise to pick up cues and to discern patterns and trends. We can make better decisions, Klein tells us, if we are prepared for complexity and ambiguity and if we will stop expecting the data to tell us everything.

Streetlights and Shadows Searching for the Keys to Adaptive Decision Making 1st Table of contents:

Part I: The Limits of Logic and the Rise of Heuristics

Chapter 1: The Lure of the Streetlight: Rationality, Optimality, and Their Failures

• Expected Utility Theory and its foundational assumptions
• Cognitive biases and heuristics: Early critiques (Kahneman & Tversky)
• The ecological challenge: When environments don't fit the models
• Beyond optimizing: Satisficing and the search for "good enough"

Chapter 2: Heuristics in the Wild: Simple Rules for Complex Worlds

• Gerd Gigerenzer and the Fast-and-Frugal Heuristics program:
  • Recognition Heuristic, Take-the-Best, Gaze Heuristic
• Ecological rationality: Matching heuristics to environmental structures
• The adaptive toolbox: A collection of specialized strategies
• When are simple rules better than complex calculations?

Part II: Learning from Experience: Naturalistic Decision Making

Chapter 3: Decision Making Under Fire: Insights from Experts in Action

• The paradigm of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)
• Gary Klein and Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model
• Case studies: Firefighters, military commanders, critical care nurses
• The role of intuition, experience, and pattern recognition

Chapter 4: Expertise, Mental Models, and Sensemaking

• How experts develop skilled intuition
• Mental models: Internal representations of the world
• Sensemaking in ambiguous situations
• Implications for training and performance

Part III: The Role of Emotion, Embodiment, and Context

Chapter 5: The Feeling of Decision: Emotion, Affect, and Somatic Markers

• Affective computing and the role of emotion in judgment
• Antonio Damasio's Somatic Marker Hypothesis
• Fear, risk, and the adaptive function of emotional responses
• Emotional regulation and decision quality

Chapter 6: The Body in Mind: Embodied Cognition and Situated Action

• How physical experience shapes thought and choice
• Perception-action coupling in decision making
• The importance of the immediate environment and affordances
• Decision making as an interactive process

Chapter 7: Social Dynamics and Collective Adaptiveness

• Group decision making: Advantages and pitfalls
• Collective intelligence and wisdom of crowds
• Distributed cognition and adaptive organizational structures
• The role of communication and shared understanding

Part IV: Developing Adaptive Decision Skills

Chapter 8: Cultivating Adaptive Expertise: Learning and Development

• Beyond rote learning: Fostering flexible and adaptable skills
• Deliberate practice and feedback mechanisms
• Training for uncertainty and surprise
• Designing environments that promote adaptive learning

Chapter 9: The Adaptive Toolkit: Strategies for Better Decisions

• Mindfulness and metacognition in decision processes
• Leveraging cognitive diversity
• Building resilience to cognitive biases
• Practical frameworks for navigating complex choices

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Tags: Gary A Klein, Streetlights, Shadows