The Distinct Roles Of Genome Methylation Transcription And Translation On Protein Expression In Ziming Zhong Mark Bailey Yongin Kim Nazanin P Afsharyan Briony Parker Louise Arathoon Xiaowei Li Chelsea A Rundle Andrew Behrens Danny Nedialkova Gancho Slavov Keywan Hassanipak Kathryn S Lilley Frederica L Theodoulou by Ziming Zhong & Mark Bailey & Yong-in Kim & Nazanin P. Afsharyan & Briony Parker & Louise Arathoon & Xiaowei Li & Chelsea A. Rundle & Andrew Behrens & Danny Nedialkova & Gancho Slavov & Keywan Hassani-pak & Kathryn S. Lilley & Frederica L. Theodoulou &... instant download after payment.

Genome Biology,AbstractAfsharyan contributed equally to Background: We investigate the fow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to pro‑this work.tein as described by the Central Dogma in molecular biology, to determine the impact †Kathryn S. Lilley, Frederica L. of intermediate genomic levels on plant protein expression.Theodoulou and Richard Mott are joint senior authors.Results: We perform genomic profling of rosette leaves in two Arabidopsis acces‑*Correspondence: sions, Col-0 and Can-0, and assemble their genomes using long reads and chromatin interaction data. We measure gene and protein expression in biological replicates [email protected] Genetics Institute, University grown in a controlled environment, also measuring CpG methylation, ribosome-asso‑College London, London WC1E ciated transcript levels, and tRNA abundance. Each omic level is highly reproducible 6BT, UKbetween biological replicates and between accessions despite their~1% sequence Full list of author information is divergence; the single best predictor of any level in one accession is the corresponding available at the end of the articlelevel in the other. Within each accession, gene codon frequencies accurately model both mRNA and protein expression. The efects of a codon on mRNA and protein expression are highly correlated but independent of genome-wide codon frequencies or tRNA levels which instead match genome-wide amino acid frequencies. Ribosomeassociated transcripts closely track mRNA levels.Conclusions: DNA codon frequencies and mRNA expression levels are the main predictors of protein abundance. In the absence of environmental perturbation neither gene-body methylation, tRNA abundance nor ribosome-associated transcript levels add appreciable information. The impact of constitutive gene-body methylation is mostly explained by gene codon composition. tRNA abundance tracks overall amino acid demand. However, genetic diferences between accessions associate with dif‑ferential gene-body met