The Neuroendocrine Immune Network in Ageing 1st Edition by R H Straub, Eugenio Mocchegiani ISBN 9780444516176 by Rainer H. Straub And Eugenio Mocchegiani (eds.) 0444516174, 9780444516176 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 13: 9780444516176
Author: R H Straub, Eugenio Mocchegiani

The book describes the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in ageing. The lack of this maintenance leads to the appearance of age-related diseases (cancer, infections, dementia) and subsequent disability. The capacity of some hormones or nutritional factors in restoring and remodelling the neuroendocrine-immune response during ageing is reported presenting possible new anti-ageing strategies in order to reach healthy ageing and longevity.

The Neuroendocrine Immune Network in Ageing 1st Table of contents:

I. Introduction
Evolutionary Aspects for the Neuroendocrine Immune Network in Ageing
Abstract
Adeing of One Supersystem Affects Ageing of Another Supersystem
Advantageous Mechanisms for Ageing and Longevity are not Evolutionarily Conserved
Review for this Book
References
II. Ageing of the Immune System
lmmunosenescence
Abstract
Introduction
The Effect of Ageing on Thymopoiesis
Senescence of Naive T Cells
Signal Transduction in Aged T Lymphocytes
Age-Associated Alterations of Alpha/Beta T Lymphocytes
Age-Associated Alterations in the T Cell Repertoire
"Replicative Senescence" of in Vivo Expanded T Cells
Age-Associated Alterations of Gamma/Delta T Lymphocytes and NKT Cells
Funtional Changes Resulting from the above Age-Associated Alternators and the Effect of Pyschologica
Conclusion: How Important is Imminosenescence Clinically?
Acknowledgements
References
Zinc-Binding Proteins (Metallothionein and Alpha-2 Macroglobulin) as Potential Biological Markers of
Abstract
Introduction
The Biology of Zinc
The Biology of Zinc-Binding Proteins
Metallothioneins
Alpha-2 Macroglobulin
Zinc, Immune System and Ageing
Metallothionein, The Immune System and Ageing
Alpha-2 Macroglobulin, the Immune System and Ageing
Zinc Supplementation
Conclusions and Predictions for the Future
Acknowledgments
References
Neutrophil Ageing and Immunosenescence
Abstract
The Ageing Process
Ageing and Infectious Disease
Neutrophils and Neutrophil Ageing
Ageing and Neutrophil Function
Neutrophil Production
Neutrophil Extravasation and Chemotaxis
Neutrophil Phagocytosis of Pathogens
Neutrophil Intracellular Bactericidal Processes
Neutrophil Priming
Mechanisms Underlying Reduced Neutrophil Phagocytosis
Ageing and Adrenal Steriod Production
DHEA Supplementation and Immune Function
Trauma Responses in the Elderly
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Apoptosis and Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
T Cell Apoptosis and Ageing
Death Receptor Pathway
TNF-Alpha, Apoptosis and Ageing
Signalling through TNF-RI
Signalling through TNF-RII
The Fas/FasL Receptors and Ageing
Receptors and Lipid Rafts
The Mitochondrial Pathway
Role of Free Radicals in Inducing Apoptosis
Apoptosis Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMN) and Ageing
Apoptosis of PMNs
GM-CSF and PMN Apoptosis
Free Radical Production of PMNs
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
MHC-Unrestricted Cytotoxicity in Ageing
Abstract
Premises
Macrophages
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Natural Killer Cells
GammaSigma T Cells
MHC-Unrestricted Immunity: Impact on the Senescence of Adaptive Immune Responses
References
Major Histocompatibility Complex Polymorphisms and Ageing
Abstract
Introduction: The Major Histocompatibility Complex
HLA IA & II Class Alleles in Ageing
HLA IB Alleles in Ageing
HLA III Class Alleles in Ageing
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
III. Ageing of the Endocrine System
Neuroplasticity in the Human Hypothalamus During Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
Preoptic or Chiasmatic Region
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus (Intermediate Nucleus, INAH-1)
Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei
Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
Tuberal Region
Ventromedial and Dorsomedial Nuclei
Arcuate (Infundibular) Nucleus
Lateral Tuberal Nucleus
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
The Role of Growth Hormone Signaling in the Control of Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
Studies of Longevity Genes Link IGF Signaling to the Control of Ageing
Search for Mechanisms that Link Reduced GH and IGF-1 Signaling with Delayed Ageing
Activity of the Somatotropic Axis, Growth and Adult Body Size
Reduced Insulin Levels and Increased Sensitivity to Insulin
Body Temperature, Metabolic Rate, and Oxidative Stress
Conflicting Findings
GH Levels Decline with Age
Potential Use of GH in Anti-Ageing Medicine
Possible Protective Role of Age-Related Decline in Somatotropic Activity
Relationship of GH Actions during Different Stages of Life History to the Regulation of Ageing and L
Implications for Possible Anti-Ageing Strategies
Acknowledgements
References
Ageing and the Adrenal Cortex
Abstract
Introduction
Andrenal Androgen Secretion and Ageing
Regulation of Androgen Production
Extra-Adrenal Regulation of Adrenal Androgens
Intra-Adrenal Regulation of Adrenal Androgens
Adrenarche/Andropause
Regulation of Adrenopause
Functional Significance
Conclusion
References
Hormonal Changes in Ageing Men
Abstract
Introduction
Gender Related Differences of the Endocrine System during Ageing
Hypogonadism in Elderly Men
Longitudinal Endocrine Changes in Ageing Men
Decline in Pulsatile Hormone Secretion with Age
Impact of Health Status on Serum Androgen Levels
Androgen Supplementation in Ageing Males
General Considerations
Indications for Androgen Supplementation
Depression and Androgen Supplementation
Body Composition and Androgen Supplementation
Bone Metabolism and Androgen Supplementation
Side Effects of Androgen Supplementation
Senieur Protocol - An Optimised Study Population to Investigate Male Ageing
Conclusions
References
Ageing and the Endocrine Circadian System
Abstract
Introduction
Adrenal Hormones Circadian Rhythm
Melatonin Circadian Rhythm
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis
Clinical Considerations
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Hormone
Seasonal Variations and/or Circannual Rhythms of the HPT Axis
Prolactin (PRL)
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactin and the Immune System
Catecholamines
Central and Tissue Catecholamines
Conclusion
References
Melatonin Rhythms, Melatonin Supplementation and Sleep in Old Age
Abstract
Introduction
The Circadian Timing System
Structure of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Input to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Output of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Innervating the Pineal Gland
The Pineal Gland and its Main Hormone Melatonin
Melatonin Function and Sites of Action
Age-Related Changes in the Circadian Timing System
Age-Related Changes in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Age-Related Changes in Melatonin Levels, Amplitude and Rhythmicity
Functional Implications of Weak or Distributed Circadian Rhythms
Interactions with Drugs Frequently Used by Elderly
Melatonin Supplementation and Consequences for the Circadian Timing System
Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Studies on the Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Sleep in the Elderly
Adverse Effects and Dosage
Conclusive Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
IV. Ageing of the Nervous System
Age-Related Changes of the Human Autonomic Nervous System
Abstract
Influence of Age on Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Function: Methodological Aspects and Limitations
Influence of Age on the Heart and the Blood Vesels
Effects of Ageing on Resting Heart Rate
Effects of Ageing on Cardiovagal Heart Rate Tests
Short-Term Resting Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
HRV During Deep Respiration
Heart Rate Response to Standing
Valsalva-Test
Effects of Ageing on Baroreflexes and Blood Pressure
References
Age-Related Alterations in Autonomic Nervous Innervation
Abstract
Introduction
Bone Marrow
Age-Related Changes in Bone Marrow
Sympathetic Innervation of Bone Marrow
Age-Related Changes in Sympathetic Innervation of Bone Marrow
Functional Significance of NA Innervation of Bone Marrow
Thymus
Structure and Function of the Thymus
Age-Related Changes in the Thymus
Sympathetic Innervation of the Thymus
Sympathetic Innervation in the Ageing Thymus
Functional Studies and Significance
Spleen
Structure and Function of the Spleen
Sympathetic Innervation of the Spleen
Sympathetic Innervation in the Ageing Spleen
Can Age-Related Changes in NA Innervation be Reversed?
Age-Related Changes in the Spleen and Immune Function
Functional Studies and Significance
Summary and Closing Remarks
References
Ageing and the Neumendocrine System of the Gut
Abstract
Introduction
The Neuroendocrine System of the Gut
Age-Related Changes in the Gut Neuroendocrine System
Endocrine Cells
The Enteric Nervous System
Age-Related Changes and Gastrointestinal Disorders in the Elderly
Clinical Implications
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Modulating Effects of Nutrition on Brain Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional Interventions and Methods
Dietary Restriction
Animals and Diet
Quantitative Analysis of Synoptic Dynamic Morphology
Vitamin E Deficiency
Animals and Diet
Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Dynamic Morphology
Quantitative Cytochemistry of Succinic Dehydrogenase (SDH) Activity in Purkinje Cell Mitochondria
Intracellular Ionic Content
Chronic Ethanol Administration
Animals and Diet
Quantitative Analysis of Synaptic Dynamic Morphology
lntracellular Ionic Content
Results
Dietary Restriction
Vitamin E Deficiency
Chronic Ethanol Administration
Discussion
Dietary Restriction
Synaptic Dynamic Morphology
Vitamin E Deficiency
Synaptic Dynamic Morphology
SDH Activity in Purkinje Cell Mitochondria
Intracellular Ionic Content
Chronic Ethanol Administration
Synaptic Dynamic Morphology
Intracellular Ionic Content
Conclusions
References
Ageing-Related Role of Nitric Oxide in the Brain
Abstract
Introduction
Nitric Oxide
No Synthase
Homeostasis of No System
Role of NO in the Brain
Ageing-Related Changes in the No Production
Endothelial NOS in the Brain during Ageing
Neuronal NO Synthase in the Brain during Ageing
Inducible NO Synthase in the Brain during Ageing
Concluding Remark
References
V. Links between One Global System and another Global System during the Ageing Process
Introduction: Links Between One Global System and Another Global System During the Ageing Process
Abstract
Ageing of One Part of Global System Involves another part of another Global System
DHEA and IL-6
Zinc, Hormones and Thymic Function
Glucocorticoids and Brain Function
Hormone Loss and Osteoporosis
Conclusions
References
Plasticity of Neuroendocrine-thymus Interactions During Ontogeny and Ageing: Role of Zinc
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroedocrine-Thymus Interactions: The Strategic Circuit in Ontogeny
Intrathymic T-cell Differentiation and Maturation
Paracrine Cycle of Cytokines on Thymic Microenviromental Cells
Cytokines as Immunotransmitters towards the HP Axis
Neuroendocrine Influence on Thymic Functions and Vice Versa
Neuroendocrine Influence on Thymic Functions
Thymic Influence on the Neuroendocine Sytem
The Role of Zinc
Neuroendocrine-Thymus Interactions during Ageing
Thymic Rejuvenation by Nutritional Approach: The Example of Zinc
Thymic Rejuvenation by Neuroendocrine Approacb
The Example of Growth Hormone
The Example of Melatonin
Is there a Unique Meditor for Hormone-Induced Thymic Rejuvenation?
Acknowledgments
References
Adverse Glucocorticoid Actions and their Relevance to Brain Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
GCS and Ageing
An Overview of the Adverse CNS Actions of Glucocorticoids
Necrotic Neurological Insults and "Endangerment" by Stress and/or Glucocorticoids
Mechanisms Mediating the GC Endangerment
Disruption of Neuronal Energetics [48]
Endangering GC Actions that are Independent of Energetic Effects
Disruption of Cellular Defenses
Triggering/worsening Apoptosis
Glucocorticoid Endangerment and a Seeming Paradox
CGS and the Immune System
GCs and Immunosenescence
GC Effects on CNS vs. Peripheral Inflammation
Stress and Ageing
Acknowledgements
References
Neuroendocrine Immune Aspects of Osteoporosis During the Ageing Process
Abstract
Introduction
The Bone Remodeling Process
Bone Formation/Resorption Coupling
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation and Activity
Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity
Ageing of Bone: Alterations in Bone Cell Precursor Pool Sizes and Differentiation
Neuro/Endocrine/Immune Circuits in Control of Bone Turnover
Peripheral Effects of Neuropeptides on Bone Turnover
Calcitonin, CGRP, and VIP
NPY and Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (Alpha-MSH)
Central Nervous Control of Bone Turnover
Leptin, NPY and Ageing
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Cytokine Expression: Relevance for Bone Turnover
The Hypothalamic/Pituitary/Endocrine Gland Axis in Control of Bone Remodeling: Influence of Ageing
References
VI. The Ageing Process and Chronic Inflammatory diseases
Neuroendocrine Immune Mechanisms of Accelerated Ageing in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Abstract
Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Changes of the Endocrine System
ACTH, Cortisol, and Adrenal Androgens
Gonadal Hormones
Changes of the Metabolic System
Homocysteine and Zinc
Lipids and Lipoproteins
Advanced Glycosylation Products
Changes of the Nervous System
Neuronal Innervation
Autonomic Nervous Reflexes
Brain Functions
The Sequence of Events of Accelerated Ageing
Are there Therapeutic Consequences?
References
Thyroid Autoimmunity and Ageing
Abstract
Introduction
The Relevance of Thyroid and Thyroid Autoimmune Disease in the Ageing Process
Thyroid Autoimmunity and Ageing: Animal Models
Thyroid Autoimmunity and Ageing: the Lesson of Centenarians
Relevance of Thyroid Abnormalities in the Ageing Process and in Ageing-Associated Diseases
Abnormalities of Thyroid Function
Autoimmunity
Conclusions
References
The Clinical Importance of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Elderly Populations
Abstract
Introduction
The Inflammatory Response
Chronic Elevations of Circulating Cytokines in Elderly Populations
Cytokines, Morbidity and Mortality in the Oldest Old
TNF-Alpha is Associated with Dementia and Atherosclerosis in Centenarians
TNF-Alpha is a Prognostic Risk Marker in Centenarians
TNF-Alpha is a Possible Candidate to be a Marker of the Frailty Syndrome
The Clinical Significance of other Inflammatory Medicators in Centenarians
The Clinical Significance of Cytokines and the Role of IL-6 in Younger Elderly
Triggering Signals of Low-Grade Inflammation in Elderly Populations
Is Ageing Associated with a Dysregulated Cytokine Response?
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
VII. Conclusions
Possible New Anti-Ageing Strategies Related to Neuroendocrine- Immune Interactions
Abstract
Introduction
L-Deprenyl
Ghrelin and Leptin
Carnosine
No-Donors
Conclusions
References
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
Abstract
Introduction
Ageing of the Immune System
Immunosenescence
Metallothioneins as Potential Biological Markers of Immunosenescence
Neutrophil Ageing and Immunosenescence
Apoptosis and Ageing
MHC-Unrestricted Cytotoxity in Ageing
MHC Polymorphism and Ageing
Ageing of the Endorine System
Neuroplasticity in the Human Hypothalamus during Ageing
The Role of Growth Hormone Signaling in the Control of Ageing
Ageing and the Adrenal Cortex
Hormonal Changes in Ageing Men
Ageing of the Neuroendocrine Circadian System
Melatonin Rhythms, Melatonin Supplementation and Sleep in Old Age
Ageing of the Nervous System
Age-Related Changes of the Human Autonomic Nervous System
Age-Related Alterations in Autonomic Nervous Innervation
Ageing and the Neuroendocrine System of the Gut
Nutrition and Brain Ageing
Ageing-Related Role of Nitric Oxide in the Brain
Links between One Global System and Another Global System during the Ageing Process
Plasticity of Neuro-Endocrine-Thymus Interactions during the Ontogeny of Ageing: the Role of Zinc
Adverse Glucocorticoid Actions and their Relevance to Brain Ageing
Neuroendocrine Immune Aspects of Osteoporosis during the Ageing Process
The Ageing Process and Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Neuroendocrine Immune Mechanisms of Accelerated Ageing in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Thyroid Autoimmunity and Ageing
The Clinical Importance of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Elderly Populations
Conclusions
New Anti Ageing Strategies Related to Neuroendocrine Immune Interactions
The Future

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Tags: R H Straub, Eugenio Mocchegiani, Neuroendocrine, Immune