The Other Karen In Myanmar Ethnic Minorities And The Struggle Without Arms Thawnghmung by Thawnghmung, Ardeth Maung 9780739168523, 9780739171073, 9780739184523, 0739168525, 0739171070, 0739184520 instant download after payment.

The "Other" Ethno-nationalities in Myanmar/Burma -- A changing political landscape in SPDC and Post-SPDC periods -- The 'other' nationalities in Burma/Myanmar -- Self-employed, low-income earners and small-, medium-, and large-scale enterprise owners -- Government and public sector employees -- Private sector employees Professionals working for international organizations -- Members of local NGOs and community-based organizations -- Members of government-organized -- Nongovernmental organizations (GONGOs) -- Members of pro-government parties -- Members of opposition parties -- Civilians under the control of armed organizations in ceasefire and contested areas -- Three patterns of civilian politics among ethnic minoirites -- Activities supporting the status Quo -- Activities transforming or undermining the status Quo -- Promoting ethnic identity and addressing humanitarian needs -- Conclusion -- Conclusion : The "Other" ethnonationalities in comparative perspective -- Competing identities -- Divide-and-rule strategies -- The role of the "Other" minorities in ethnic politics.;Who are the "Other" or "Quiet" minorities? -- The political significance of the "Other" minorities -- Bringing the "other" minorities into the study of ethnic politics -- The emergence of the Karen Ethno-National Movement -- The construction of Karen ethno-nationalist identities -- The "Material race" -- The myaungmya incident The case for an independent Karen state -- The "Martial race" returns -- Saw Ba U Gyi and the insein ceasefire talks -- KNU in 21st Century Burma -- Conclusion -- Kawthoolei Karen : A fragmented constituency government-controlled zones -- Rebel-controlled and contested zones -- The refugees -- The Diaspora -- Conclusion -- The "Rebel" and the "Accomomodator" -- The Early stages of the armed resistance movement -- Profile of prominent Karen political leaders at KNU and KYO in 1945-1949 -- The later stages of the armed rebellion -- Divide and rule -- Places of residence -- Competing identities -- Lack or perceived lack of alternatives -- Conclusion.;"This book is the first study to an offer insight into non-armed, non-insurgent members of ethnic groups that are associated with well-known armed organizations. It analyzes the nature of the relationships between the "quiet" minorities and their "rebel" counterparts and assesses how these intra-ethnic differences and divisions affect the armed resistance movement, negotiation with state authorities, conflict resolution, and political reform. This field-based study of the Karen in Burma also provides theoretical and policy implications for other ethnically polarized countries."--Publisher's description.