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0 reviewsNeuroinfammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury (SBI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). TREK-1 is a background potassium channel, and its role in regulating neuroinfammation after ICH remains unclear. In this study, ICH models were induced in wide-type (WT) and TREK knockout mice via intra-striatal administration of collagenase. Additionally, WT ICH mice were treated with the TREK-1 agonist ML67-33. Immunofuorescence, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RNA-sequencing were performed to determine the role and the mechanism of TREK-1 in regulating neuroinfammation after ICH. The results indicate that TREK-1 defciency exacerbated microglia/macrophages activation and pro-infammatory polarization, as well as the infux of infammatory cytokines and peripheral infammatory cells compared to WT ICH mice. Conversely, activation of TREK-1 attenuated the infammatory response and SBI post-ICH. These efects may be mediated through the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway, as validated by specifc inhibitors AZD8797. This study identifed TREK-1 as a crucial modulator in alleviating SBI by regulating the infammatory microenvironment via the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway.Keywords Intracerebral hemorrhage · TREK- 1 · Secondary brain injury · Infammatory microenvironment · CX3 CL1-CX3 CR1