Lessons From Hisyory Causes Of Indias Successive Subjugation Volume V Phagura by Phagura, Major General Randhir Singh B0DG8PF1GL instant download after payment.

The conditions in Hindustan after Aurangzeb, had become veryunstable. The writ of the Mughal emperors had become weak andthe governors tended to ignore it. The Mughal army had becomevery inefficient and the successors of Aurangzeb had lost thefighting capability. The centrifugal forces had already begun to gainstrength. The governors of provinces had already begun to feathertheir own nest and no one cared about the Mughal Empire anymore. It needed just a small jolt to topple down this creakingstructure. That jolt was provided by the invasion of Nader Shah,the Sultan of Persia. He defeated the Mughals decidedly and swept awaytheir wealth to Persia.After that defeat, governors of Bengal, Bihar, Oudh and Nizamof Hyderabad became independent. New powers raised their head.Marathas occupied most of Deccan, Gujrat and CentralHindustan.These destabilizing happenings in Hindustan coincided withprogression of the seafaring age in Europe, for trade by sea.Nations of Europe vied with each other for trade with countries ofAsia and South America. The Portuguese were already tradingfrom our western coast even when the Mughals were in theprocess of establishing their empire in Hindustan. They werefollowed by the Dutch, the English and the French, in that order.The English were the cleverest and the mostskilled among them in warfare both at sea and on land. They,therefore, won the contest.