Cross linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning 1st Edition by Hakan Ringbom ISBN 1853599352 9781853599354 by Hakan Ringbom 1853599352 instant download after payment.

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ISBN 10: 1853599352 
ISBN 13: 9781853599354
Author: Hakan Ringbom

This book explores the importance of cross-linguistic similarity in foreign language learning. While linguists have primarily focussed upon differences between languages, learners strive to make use of any similarities to prior linguistic knowledge they can perceive. The role of positive transfer is emphasized as well as the essential differences between comprehension and production. In comprehension of related languages, cross-linguistic similarities are easily perceived while in comprehension of distant languages they are merely assumed. Production may be based on previous perception of similarities, but frequently similarities are here merely assumed. Initially, effective learning is based on quick establishment of cross-linguistic one-to-one relations between individual items. As learning progresses, the learner learns to modify such oversimplified relations. The book describes the ways in which transfer affects different areas of language, taking account of the differences between learning a language perceived to be similar and a language where few or no cross-linguistic similarities can be established.

Cross linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
2 Different Types of Cross-linguistic Similarities
Similarity, Contrast and Zero Relations
Perceived and ‘Objective’ Similarity
Formal and Functional/Semantic Similarity
3 Learner Expectations, On-line Comprehension and Receptive Learning
Understanding an Unfamiliar Language
The Comprehension of Closely Related Languages: Scandinavia
On-line Comprehension and Receptive Learning
4 Cross-linguistic Similarities in Comprehension and Production: The Mental Lexicon
L1 Comprehension and L1 Production
L2 Comprehension and L2 Production
Perceived and Assumed Similarity
Cross-linguistic Similarity and the Mental Lexicon
5 Transfer: The Use of Cross-linguistic Similarities. The Finnish Scene
Transfer Studies: History and Limitations
The Language Scene in Finland: Characteristics of Finnish and Swedish
6 Tests of English Comparing Finnish and Swedish Speakers in Finland
Primary Schools
Comprehensive Schools
Commercial Colleges
The Matriculation Examination
University Entrance Exams
University Students
International Evaluations
Studies by Non-Finnish Researchers
Differences between Finnish and Swedish Learners of English
7 Levels of Transfer: Items and Procedures (Systems)
Item Transfer, Procedural Transfer and Overall Transfer
Similarities in Reading vs. Similarities in Listening
8 Item Transfer in Production: Areas of Language
Phonology
Discourse and Rhetoric: Pragmatic Transfer
Grammar
Lexis
Non-native Transfer
9 Skill Theory, Automaticity and Foreign Language Learning
The Use of Cross-linguistic Similarities at Different Stages of Learning
Bilingual vs. Monolingual Language Learners
10 Development of Foreign Language Learning
Item Learning for Comprehension
Item Learning for Production
System Learning for Comprehension
System Learning for Production
Near-native Proficiency
11 Consequences for Teaching
The EuroCom Project
Teaching the Use of Learning Strategies
The Relevance of Cross-linguistic Similarities for Teaching English to Finnish and Finland-Swedish Learners
12 Further Research Needed
Development from Receptive to Productive Competence
Cross-linguistic vs. Intralinguistic Similarities
Longitudinal Studies
13 Conclusion
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References
Index

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Tags: Hakan Ringbom, Cross, linguistic